TENSES

 

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang bersifat tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran yang hakiki. Karena sering menyangkut kejadian diwaktu lamapu, sekarang dan akan datang, Tenses ini paling sedikit mempunyai keterangan waktu tertentu.

Kalimat-kalimat bahasa inggris umumnya harus mempunyai subject(s) dan predicate(p). karena itu semua Tenses akan dipormulasi seperti itu.

RUMUS :

(+)S+V1(es/s)+O

(- )S+Do/does+Not+V1+O

(?) Do/does+S+V1+O

EXAMPLE :  

a. He is handsome 

b. She writes a letter every month

c. She doesn't works in the office every Monday to Saturday

d. They don't go to Jakarta every years

e. Sony to play badminton everyday

2. PRESENT CONTINOUS

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini. Kalimat-kalimat dalam Tenses ini lebih sering dipakai dari pada present Tenses.

RUMUS :

(+) S+V.ing+Om

(- ) S+do/does+not+V1+O

(?) Do/does +S+V1+O

EXAMPLE ;

a. She is cooking in the kitchen.

b. He isn't reading the book

c. Sony is playing badminton now

d. I am going to market now

e. Owi and Butet are running now

3. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Kita memakai Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.

RUMUS :

(+) subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 2

(-) subject + did + not + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1

(?) Did + subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1

Pengecualian: Ketika Predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut adalah was (I, she, he, it) dan were (we, you, they).

 EXAMPLE : 

a. They were student last year

b. Gading did not invite last week

c. Were we at school yesterday ?

d. She didn't write a letter

e. It rain since at three o'clock

4.  PAST CONTINOUS

Tense ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan atau kejadian pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau ketika suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi.

RUMUS :

(+) subject + was, were + Kata Kerja + ing 

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving 

(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

 
 EXAMPLE :

a. I was watching TV when my father came from work

b. We were joking

c. She wasn't washing the car

d. They were talking about sport when I met him

e. Was He watching television all afternoon last week

5. PRESENT PERFECT 

Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu), untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini, dan digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.

RUMUS :

(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-)  Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?)  Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

EXAMPLE : 

a. She hasn’t written the book

b. I have painted this house

c. She has eaten some food in dining room

d. I have had breakfast already

e. I have not just read my book

6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS 

Menjelaskan suatu kejadian/kegiatan yang baru saja berlangsung.

RUMUS :

(+) S+have/has+been+Ving+O

(-) S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O

(?) Have/has+S+been+Ving+O

EXAMPLE : 

a. She has been working in the workshop

b. They have not been playing football

c. They have been sleeping since ten until now.

d. Has she been going to Malang ?

e. She has been painting every day for a long time

7. PAST PERFECT 

Tense ini mengekspresikan tindakan di masa lalu sebelum tindakan lain terjadi, namun kejadiannya di masa lampau.

RUMUS : 

(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

EXAMPLE : 

a.  I had listen the radio when you come here

b.  I had not been playing a football when they came.

c. When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

d.  She had been cooking a vegetable when he came

e. I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS 

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga.

RUMUS :

(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

 
EXAMPLE : 

a. Had my father been repairing a television before I knocked at the door ?

b. She had been helping me when they went to school

c. They hadn’t been living there for two month

d. I had not been looking for the Peter Gade for two week before we meet

e. When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

SOURCE : 

• http://enterkey22.blogspot.com/2012/08/rumus-16-tenses-beserta-contoh.html
• http://iryansah8.blogspot.com/2011/06/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-dan-contohnya.html
•  http://javasun3.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/rumus-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris/
• http://susicigadisss.blogspot.com/2013/03/kalimat-16-tenses.html
• http://wongzo.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-rumus.html