Jumat, 19 April 2013

SOAL TOEFL



1.      Not only ____________________ places of beauty, but they also serve scientific and educational purposes as well.
a)       are botanical gardens
b)       botanical gardens to be
c)       botanical gardens are
d)      to be botanical gardens
Answer : A (are botanical gardens)
A main verb, such as are, is required to complete the clause (to be is not a main verb), and the subject and verb must be inverted because the clause begins with the negative phrase not only.
2.      Those students do not like to read novels _______________ text books.
a)      In any case
b)      Forgetting about
c)      Leaving out the questions
d)      Much less
Answer : (D) much less
Grammar : clause of contrast
3.      _________________ the best car to buy is a Mercedes Benz.
a)         Because of its durability and economy
b)         Because it lasts a long time, and it is very economical
c)         Because of its durability and it is economical
d)        Because durably and economy wise it is better than all the others.
Answer            : (A) because of its durability and economy
Grammar         : Adverbial clause of Reason
4.      Man                 : We are going to get ice cream. Would you like to come with us?
Woman            : I am waiting for a package to be delivered.
Narrator           : What does the woman imply?
a)      She does not eat ice cream
b)      She has no mone
c)       She does not like packages
d)      d. She will not be going



5.      Man                 : Are you going to go to the University of Texas to get your Doctorate?
Woman            : I don’t think so.
Man                 :Why, have you been accepted to any other schools?
Woman            : Yes, I have received news of acceptance from LSU, University of
Tennessee, and Harvard.
Narrator           : What are the speakers discussing?

a)      The University of Texas
b)      Schools with Doctorate programs
c)      Where the woman will go to school
d)     Who can get accepted to the most schools
6.       ____________ a tree can be grown from a seedling.
a)      That is generally believed
b)      Believed generally is
c)      Generally believed it is
d)      It is generally believed that
7.      We don’t know ..... we have to change planes or not.
a)      If  
b)      Until
c)      That
d)     When
Jawaban   : A. If
Alasan     : Indirect question
Here the conjunction “IF” indriduces an indirect question.
8.      She’s too tired to go....
a)      Shooping
b)      To shop
c)      Shop
d)     For shopping
Jawaban          : A. Shopping
Alasan             : got gerund
We can use gerund to talk about things we go out to do.


9.      With the passing of time and the encroachment of people, the habitat of gorillas ______ to decrease.
a)      Continuing
b)      Which continue
c)      Continues
d)     That it has continued
Answer : (C) continues
 Because this is sentence to use simple present tense
10.   Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, __, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
a)      Sailing directions are studied
b)      Study the sailing directions
c)      To direct sailing studies
d)     Studies direct sailing
Answer : (B) Study the sailing studies
 Because in the sentence to use Gerund
11.  Not until a dog is several months old does it begin to exhibit signs of independence ___________.
a)      its mother from
b)      from mother
c)      to mother
d)      from its mother
12.  Amelia Earhart was _______________ to pilot her plane across the Atlantic
Ocean.
a)      the first and a woman
b)      the first woman
c)      who the first woman
d)     the woman who first
13.  Despite being basically arboreal in nature, koalas ________ to inhabit a specific territory and range of some 30 square miles.
a)      Knowing
b)      Which know
c)      Are knowing
d)      Are know
Answer : (D) are known
Because this is sentence to use simple past tense
14.  The Eiffel Tower ___________ Paris, France.
a)      landmarks
b)      is landmarked in
c)      is a landmark in
d)     is in a landmark
15.  Some...don’t like such jokes.
a)      Child
b)      Man
c)      Woman
d)      People
Jawaban          : D. People
Alasan             : some – countable and uncountablenouns some can be followed by both a countable and an uncountable noun

SOURCE :





Jumat, 22 Maret 2013

TENSES

 
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang bersifat tetap, kebiasaan atau kebenaran yang hakiki. Karena sering menyangkut kejadian diwaktu lamapu, sekarang dan akan datang, Tenses ini paling sedikit mempunyai keterangan waktu tertentu.
Kalimat-kalimat bahasa inggris umumnya harus mempunyai subject(s) dan predicate(p). karena itu semua Tenses akan dipormulasi seperti itu.

RUMUS :


(+)S+V1(es/s)+O
(- )S+Do/does+Not+V1+O
(?) Do/does+S+V1+O

EXAMPLE :  

a. He is handsome 
b. She writes a letter every month
c. She doesn't works in the office every Monday to Saturday
d. They don't go to Jakarta every years
e. Sony to play badminton everyday

2. PRESENT CONTINOUS

Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang benar-benar sedang dilakukan saat ini. Kalimat-kalimat dalam Tenses ini lebih sering dipakai dari pada present Tenses.

RUMUS :

(+) S+V.ing+Om
(- ) S+do/does+not+V1+O
(?) Do/does +S+V1+O


EXAMPLE ;

a. She is cooking in the kitchen.
b. He isn't reading the book
c. Sony is playing badminton now
d. I am going to market now
e. Owi and Butet are running now

3. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Kita memakai Tense ini untuk membicarakan tentang satu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.

RUMUS :

(+) subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 2
(-) subject + did + not + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1
(?) Did + subject + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke – 1

Pengecualian: Ketika Predikat suatu kalimat bukan kata kerja, maka pengganti kata kerja tersebut adalah was (I, she, he, it) dan were (we, you, they).


 EXAMPLE : 

a. They were student last year
b. Gading did not invite last week
c. Were we at school yesterday ?
d. She didn't write a letter
e. It rain since at three o'clock


4.  PAST CONTINOUS

Tense ini menggambarkan suatu tindakan atau kejadian pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau ketika suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi.

RUMUS :

(+) subject + was, were + Kata Kerja + ing 
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving 
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

 
 EXAMPLE :

a. I was watching TV when my father came from work
b. We were joking
c. She wasn't washing the car
d. They were talking about sport when I met him
e. Was He watching television all afternoon last week


5. PRESENT PERFECT 

Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu), untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini, dan digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.

RUMUS :

(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-)  Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?)  Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb


EXAMPLE : 

a. She hasn’t written the book
b. I have painted this house
c. She has eaten some food in dining room
d. I have had breakfast already
e. I have not just read my book


6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS 

Menjelaskan suatu kejadian/kegiatan yang baru saja berlangsung.

RUMUS :

(+) S+have/has+been+Ving+O
(-) S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
(?) Have/has+S+been+Ving+O


EXAMPLE : 

a. She has been working in the workshop
b. They have not been playing football
c. They have been sleeping since ten until now.
d. Has she been going to Malang ?
e. She has been painting every day for a long time


7. PAST PERFECT 

Tense ini mengekspresikan tindakan di masa lalu sebelum tindakan lain terjadi, namun kejadiannya di masa lampau.


RUMUS : 
(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb


EXAMPLE : 

a.  I had listen the radio when you come here
b.  I had not been playing a football when they came.
c. When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
d.  She had been cooking a vegetable when he came
e. I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS 

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga.

RUMUS :

(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

 

EXAMPLE : 

a. Had my father been repairing a television before I knocked at the door ?
b. She had been helping me when they went to school
c. They hadn’t been living there for two month
d. I had not been looking for the Peter Gade for two week before we meet
e. When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?


SOURCE : 
  • http://enterkey22.blogspot.com/2012/08/rumus-16-tenses-beserta-contoh.html
  • http://iryansah8.blogspot.com/2011/06/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-dan-contohnya.html
  •  http://javasun3.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/rumus-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris/
  • http://susicigadisss.blogspot.com/2013/03/kalimat-16-tenses.html
  • http://wongzo.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-rumus.html