IF CLAUSE

Ada 3 tipe :

Type 1 : If simple present, present future
Note : pengandaian ini bisa terjadi apabila kondisinya memungkinkan

If the door is open, I can go out	Jika pintu itu terbuka, saya bisa keluar
If I have a chair, I can sit down	Jika saya punya kursi, saya bisa duduk
If you have a lot of money, you can buy a car	Jika kamu punya banyak uang, kamu bisa membeli mobil
If the weather is good, we can play batminton	Jika cuaca bagus, kita bisa bermain badminton
I always cry if I feel an onion	Saya selalu mengeluarkan air mata jika mengupas bawang

I always cry if I feel an onion	Saya selalu mengeluarkan air mata jika mengupas bawang
You can do anything if you try	Kamu bisa melakukan apa saja jika berusaha
He can reach the ceiling if he stands on the chair	Dia bisa menggapai langit-langit itu jika berdiri di kursi

Type 2 :
Pattern : If + Past Tense, Past Future
( S + V 2 ), ( S + Would + V1 )

Pattern : If + S + Were + Adjective / Noun , S + Would + V1
Note, conditional tipe 2. pengandaian tidak terlaksana di waktu sekarang.

If Agus were a Valentino Rossi, he would to become world GP Champion.

Jika Agus adalah Valentino Rossi, ia akan menjadi juara dunia GP Champion.

Fact : Agus is not a Valentino Rossi, he doesn’t to become world GP Champion.
Fakta: Agus bukan Valentino Rossi, dia tidak menjadi juara dunia GP Champion.

If Iwan were Lionel Messi, I would to become the best soccer player in the world.

Jika Iwan adalah Lionel Messi, saya akan menjadi pemain sepak bola terbaik di dunia.

Fact : Iwan is not Lionel Messi, he doesn’t to become the best soccer player in the world.

Fakta: Iwan bukan Lionel Messi, dia tidak menjadi pemain sepakbola terbaik di dunia.

If Budi has enough time, he usually walks to campus.
Jika Budi memiliki cukup waktu, biasanya ia berjalan ke kampus.

Fact : Budi is not enough time, so he is not walks to campus.

Fakta: Budi tidak punya cukup waktu, sehingga ia tidak jalan ke kampus.

If Adam were a Taufik Hidayat, he would to become World Badminton player.
Jika Adam adalah Taufik Hidayat, ia akan menjadi pemain Bulutangkis Dunia.

Fact : Adam is not Taufik Hidayat, so he is not world Badminton Player.

Fakta:  Adam bukan Taufik Hidayat, jadi dia bukan pemain Bulutangkis Dunia.

If Herdin were a Bambang Pamungkas, he would to become Indonesia Super league Champion.

Jika Herdin adalah Bambang Pamungkas, ia akan menjadi Juara Super Liga Indonesia.

Fact : Herdin not a Bambang Pamungkas, so he is not to become Indonesia Super league Champion.
Fakta: Herdin bukan Bambang Pamungkas, sehingga ia tidak menjadi Juara Super Liga Indonesia.

If Malik were a Justin Bieber, he will hold concerts around the world.
Jika Malik adalah Justin Bieber, dia akan mengadakan konser di seluruh dunia.

Fact : Malik is not Justin Bieber , so he is not will hold concerts around the world.

Fakta: Malik bukan Justin Bieber, jadi dia tidak akan mengadakan konser di seluruh dunia.

If Aris were a M Schumacher, he would to become World FI GP player.

Jika Aris adalah M Schumacher, dia akan menjadi pemain Dunia FI GP.

Fact : Aris is not M Schumacher, so he is not to become World FI GP player.

Fakta: Aris bukan M Schumacher, sehingga ia tidak menjadi pemain Dunia FI GP.

If Nurul were a Rihanna, She will hold concerts around the world.

Jika Nurul adalah Rihanna, Dia akan mengadakan konser di seluruh dunia.

Fact : Malik is not Rihanna , so She is not will hold concerts around the world.

Fakta: Malik bukan Rihanna, jadi Dia tidak akan mengadakan konser di seluruh dunia.

Type 3 : 

Pattern : If + Past Perfect Tense, Conditional Perfect Tense
If + Clause ( anak kalimat ) , Main clause ( induk kalimat )
If + ( S + Had + V3 / Past participle, S + Would/Should + Have + V 3 + yesterday, last night , last year, etc.
Note : Pengandaian tipe 3 menyatakan pengandaian tidak terlaksana di waktu lampau.

If I had had money, I woul d have bought a plane.

Jika aku punya uang, saya telah membeli pesawat. 
Fact : I Didn’t have money, so I didn’t buy a plane.  

Fakta: Saya Tidak punya uang, jadi saya tidak membeli pesawat.
 
If Galih had been an actor, he wasn’t a superstar.
Jika Galih seorang aktor, dia bukan superstar. 

Fact : Galih Wasn’t an actor, he wasn’t a superstar.
Fakta: Galih Bukankah seorang aktor, ia bukan superstar.

 

If the teacher had not come, he would not have studied.
Jika guru tidak datang, ia tidak akan belajar. 

Fact : The teacher came, we studied.
Fakta: Guru datang, kita belajar.

If Mike had had HP, he would have sent SMS to some beautiful girls.

Jika Mike punya HP, ia akan mengirim SMS ke beberapa gadis-gadis cantik.

Fact : He didn’t have HP, He didn’t sent SMS t some beautiful girls.
Fakta: Dia tidak punya HP, Dia tidak mengirim SMS beberapa gadis-gadis cantik.

 

If I had had money, I would have bought a yacht.
Jika aku punya uang, saya akan membeli kapal pesiar.

Fact : I Didn’t have money, so I didn’t buy a yacht.

Fakta: Saya Tidak punya uang, jadi saya tidak membeli kapal pesiar.

 

If I had had money, I would have bought a luxury house.
Jika aku punya uang, saya akan membeli sebuah rumah mewah. 

Fact : I Didn’t have money, so I didn’t buy a luxury house.

Fakta: Saya Tidak punya uang, jadi saya tidak membeli rumah mewah.

SUMBER : 

- http://www.belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com/contoh-conditional-clause-kalimat-pengandaian/

- http://yogi-unitedblog.blogspot.com/2012/03/tugas-bahasa-inggris.html

- http://garlina.blogspot.com/2010/03/structureconditional-sentence-dengan-if.html 

SOAL TOEFL

1.      Not only ____________________ places of beauty, but they also serve scientific and educational purposes as well.

a)       are botanical gardens

b)       botanical gardens to be

c)       botanical gardens are

d)      to be botanical gardens

Answer : A (are botanical gardens)

A main verb, such as are, is required to complete the clause (to be is not a main verb), and the subject and verb must be inverted because the clause begins with the negative phrase not only.

2.      Those students do not like to read novels _______________ text books.

a)      In any case

b)      Forgetting about

c)      Leaving out the questions

d)      Much less

Answer : (D) much less

Grammar : clause of contrast

3.      _________________ the best car to buy is a Mercedes Benz.

a)         Because of its durability and economy

b)         Because it lasts a long time, and it is very economical

c)         Because of its durability and it is economical

d)        Because durably and economy wise it is better than all the others.

Answer            : (A) because of its durability and economy

Grammar         : Adverbial clause of Reason

4.      Man                 : We are going to get ice cream. Would you like to come with us?

Woman            : I am waiting for a package to be delivered.

Narrator           : What does the woman imply?

a)      She does not eat ice cream

b)      She has no mone

c)       She does not like packages

d)      d. She will not be going

5.      Man                 : Are you going to go to the University of Texas to get your Doctorate?

Woman            : I don’t think so.

Man                 :Why, have you been accepted to any other schools?
Woman            : Yes, I have received news of acceptance from LSU, University of

Tennessee, and Harvard.

Narrator           : What are the speakers discussing?

a)      The University of Texas

b)      Schools with Doctorate programs

c)      Where the woman will go to school

d)     Who can get accepted to the most schools

6.       ____________ a tree can be grown from a seedling.

a)      That is generally believed

b)      Believed generally is

c)      Generally believed it is

d)      It is generally believed that

7.      We don’t know ..... we have to change planes or not.

a)      If  

b)      Until

c)      That

d)     When

Jawaban   : A. If

Alasan     : Indirect question

Here the conjunction “IF” indriduces an indirect question.

8.      She’s too tired to go....

a)      Shooping

b)      To shop

c)      Shop

d)     For shopping

Jawaban          : A. Shopping

Alasan             : got gerund

We can use gerund to talk about things we go out to do.

9.      With the passing of time and the encroachment of people, the habitat of gorillas ______ to decrease.

a)      Continuing

b)      Which continue

c)      Continues

d)     That it has continued

Answer : (C) continues

 Because this is sentence to use simple present tense

10.   Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, __, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.

a)      Sailing directions are studied

b)      Study the sailing directions

c)      To direct sailing studies

d)     Studies direct sailing

Answer : (B) Study the sailing studies

 Because in the sentence to use Gerund

11.  Not until a dog is several months old does it begin to exhibit signs of independence ___________.

a)      its mother from

b)      from mother

c)      to mother

d)      from its mother

12.  Amelia Earhart was _______________ to pilot her plane across the Atlantic
Ocean.

a)      the first and a woman

b)      the first woman

c)      who the first woman

d)     the woman who first

13.  Despite being basically arboreal in nature, koalas ________ to inhabit a specific territory and range of some 30 square miles.

a)      Knowing

b)      Which know

c)      Are knowing

d)      Are know

Answer : (D) are known

Because this is sentence to use simple past tense

14.  The Eiffel Tower ___________ Paris, France.

a)      landmarks

b)      is landmarked in

c)      is a landmark in

d)     is in a landmark

15.  Some...don’t like such jokes.

a)      Child

b)      Man

c)      Woman

d)      People

Jawaban          : D. People

Alasan             : some – countable and uncountablenouns some can be followed by both a countable and an uncountable noun

SOURCE :

• http://galenapajar.blogspot.com/2012/04/soal-toefl-struktur.html

• http://ardikahenrisal.blogspot.com/2012/04/contoh-soal-toefl-dan-pembahasannya.html

• http://galenapajar.blogspot.com/2012/04/soal-toefl-struktur.html